final report

Posted on Sep 18, 2014 by

PARE SUMMER SCHOOL 2014
Final Report
(Submission Deadline: 18th September 2014)

University
:
Kasetsart
Name
:
NURAK Patamaporn
PARE ID No.
:
PARE26-022
Group No.
:
4

You will write a report (500 words) on your group’s discussion.
In the report, you will:
A)      propose how you can contribute as a specialist to realize your group’s master plan, and
B)      propose a title of research paper related to the master plan.

My group are interesting about human feces because in current, the feces is the important problem in our country. According to the increasing population in the world, the amount of the household waste is also increase and the largest amount belong to the waste of human from the toilet, this is including human feces and wastewater. Because of that we have to collect and reuse for the other purposes such as biogas plant and organic fertilizer.
            Human feces are the waste product of the human digestive system. They include organic compounds and bacteria. Normally stool is semisolid, with a mucus coating (75% water and 25% solid matter). The solid matter is composed of dead bacteria, live bacteria, undigested food (fiber), waste material from blood, cellular linings, fats, salts, substances released from the intestines and liver (mucus). So we can use it to produce biogas plant for the renewable energy because in developing countries are the quality of food is not good, there are problem about food born disease from pathogen and insert from waste contaminated to food as poor sanitation management contributes proportionally to the increment of spreading of waterborne diseases. Therefore, the plan is necessary to conduct for surviving safety food to human and the biogas plat can decrease the distribution of disease.
A title of research paper related to the master plan is Human Feces: the energy in your hand. In the present, when the population are increases, it has effect to the energy demand increase too. Then energy resources is reduced. I want to focus on renewable energy to replace energy from nature. Looking around us, there are many resources that can be used to produce renewable energy such as wind power, hydro power, solar power and biogas from waste.  
Everyday, there are many waste from human, animal or industry etc. Then we can reuse the waste to produce renewable energy to take advantage of the community by biogas.
Biogas is such a renewable fuel, an energy source that can be applied in many different settings. It is a combustible gas mixture produced by the anaerobic fermentation of biomass by bacteria and takes only a relatively short time to form. The gas mainly consists of combustible methane (CH4), and non-combustible carbon dioxide (CO2).
In our master plan we will use the waste from household or community to take in the biogas system for produce biogas plant. First we will take the waste to our land, that is far from community. We will mix the west and sent to biogas system. When the west and human feces are degradation.
A output of the human waste is a nutrient-rich fertilizer. The methane containing biogas would  rise to the top of the container; the user would extract the gas as needed for produce electricity. The digested sludge would be removed and employed as fertilizer. In our master plan, we use fertilizer take it to organic orchard, which the trees wall around our land because the trees wall can decrease the distribution of smell from biogas plant and can harvest the fruit for increase our profits.
            Our target for this master plan is decrease the amount of household waste and decrease the increment of spreading of water and food borne diseases from human. Including produce the renewable energy for use in our community. The  renewable energy is start from yourself.


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Della's Final Report

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PARE SUMMER SCHOOL 2014
Final Report
(Submission Deadline: 18th September 2014)


University
:
Bogor Agricultural Univeristy
Name
:
Della Rahmawati
PARE ID No.
:
PARE25-039
Group No.
:
4

         The world population of 7.2 billion in mid-2013 is projected to increase by almost one billion people within the next twelve years (World population prospects, 2013). This situation will affect to accomplishment of energy around the world, especially in develop countries. As the PARE summer school participant 2014, I should have contribution in order to utilize the energy based on the PARE (population, activities, resources, and environment) chain.
         In Our master plan, we will try to utilize human waste to be a good energy sources in develop country. We will utilize the human waste into biogas plant and reuse black water after treatment and compost for fertilizer. Currently, there are a lot of biogas plants with animal waste as a source in several countries, but just a few biogas plant use human waste as a source of biogas plant.
         Actually, human waste contain higher amount of nitrogen, and phosphorous than animal waste, with human waste we can make the low cost of biogas system, the life span and the benefit for using gas and compost. Moreover, we will utilize the black water after treatment and compost as a fertilizer for our mango and mangos teen orchard around the biogas plant. This orchard will produce the organic fruits because we will not use some of synthetic fertilizer. Objective of this orchards are to reduce bad smell from biogas system of human waste storage and to get other funds from exporting fruits to other country to maintain our biogas plant.
          In our biogas plant, methane will be collected from human waste and used as electric energy of plan. We also calculated the budget for our biogas system, and we will try to apply this system for small scope such as city, first. If this plan success on the small scope, we will develop for the large scope in the future.
         There are some of regulation and rules on utilize human waste as a fertilizer. As a food scientist, I should be concern to health effect of population who stayed near at the biogas plant area and people who will consume our fruits product. In case of this master plan, I have a contribution to find and to explain about the rules related to utilize human waste in safety way for human health which was developed by WHO and also for fruit production, we decided to follow the regulation in CODEX was established by FAO and WHO. Those guidelines are important because as scientist we have to think about social aspect, environmental and also health effect of our plan. Those rules and regulation can be used as our guide to develop our product and our system and also our first tool to introduce our project plan to communities.   
         In the other hand, we hope this master plant can reduce green-house-gasses emissions especially on methane emission, because in some develop country there are only a few ways to process human waste. Most of human waste in developing countries just kept into a tank. However, with this project plan we will obtain enough energy for our life. 

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final report_nagatake_ 2014

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PARE SUMMER SCHOOL 2014
Final Report
(Submission Deadline: 18th September 2014)

University
:
Hokkaido University
Name
:
Nagatake Arata
PARE ID No.
:
PARE25-071
Group No.
:
5
　

　Our group made a master plan named “SI-Energy – Sustainable and Independent Energy”. This plan focused on the rural area where there are almost half of the world population and supply them to urban area, but sometime they don’t have enough energy to satisfy their demand. We think these problems with conventional energy production and network system come from location, building cost and small fund of rural area. We suggested that self energy and food production system depend on their local resources, using micro-hydro plant, bio-gas plant and eco-farming aquaculture in Indonesia, a tropical area. And we showed that those three method are not only required from ecological aspect but also very reasonable method for rural area from economical aspect.
 We showed that our plan is reasonable on energy production by them selves especially from the cost. On the other hand, though our plan is highly dependent on natural resource cycle and also related with food production system, we didn’t mention about detail of effect of our plant to these systems. Then next step is to show farmers and local governor that our method can keep their feed and food production rate, and will not increase environmental pollution to get their consent and cooperation to our master plan comparing with conventional method. I measure in soil science and plant nutrition, and environmentally friendly agriculture, and my mission in this group is to assess agricultural part especially about the residue from bio gas plant and its effect to agricultural production and environmental pollution.

“Effect of timing and rate of liquid-manure application on…
Back ground : Undisposed animal waste is one of source of water pollution, bad smell and it is not good for sanitation. But it still have rich carbon and nutrients in it self. Bio-bas plan is one of the systems which can get a fuel from animal waste, and more we can use residue as liquid-manure fertilizer. Appropriate usage of bio-gas plant residue can increasing of feed and food production and sanitation. But there are two problem to solve about liquid manure application in tropical area. Firstly liquid manure is very easy to loss from soil by leaching and run off especially in rainy season, and it cause not only nutrient loss but also water pollution. Secondly, high and constant nutrient supply is required to keep rapid plant growth in tropical area. How many times, season, and rate of amount of manure application are important information not only for nutrient up take–loss balance, but also controlling working time, and decide a size and maintenance of bio-gas plant.
Material and Methods
Target : plant production rate, inorganic and organic nitrogen and phosphorus leaching and run off
Lab experiment : fill the box lysimeter (1 m3) with soil with and without manure, and simulate a climate in dry and rainy season. Leaching water is collected from bottom of box, and run off is estimated from surface flow. Treatments are as follow no manure, 1 time application in dry season, 2 time separation (in dry-dry or dry rainy). This experiment is for estimate leaching and runoff

Field experiment : this is for continuous assessment of plant production.

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Final Report

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PARE SUMMER SCHOOL 2014

Final Report
University : SIIT, Thammasat University
Name : NGUYEN KIEU ANH TU 
Group : Group 4
                My group conducted the research with the topic: Using human waste to make biogas plant and reuse water after treatment and compost for fertilizer of mango and mango teen. Firstly, I studied and got information about the characteristic of human wastes included black water and feces. I suggested the reasons to choose human wastes from household in this study. There are the increase population leading to the increase amount of human waste, the higher nutrient of human feces compared with cattle and chicken such as nitrogen, phosphorus and kali, the low cost of biogas system, the life span and the benefit for using gas and compost. Secondly, I designed the process system for our group. I explained each steps for this process and how to control and use in practical. I also calculate the price for equipments, the life span and the benefit from this study. I focused on the price and the efficiency to design the system with the type of biogas holder which is the most comfortable with the growth condition for mango and mango teen. Moreover, I also took care about the gas emission from biogas system. Methane was collected and used as electric energy of plan and the CO from system was kept and used to make ice air. Therefore, we can reduce the odor and limit the gas emission from the biogas plan. Finally, I combined with the law and the process of growing up mango and mango teen to ensure the sustainable development of biogas plan. 
                The title research for master plan is using human waste for biogas plan to grown up organic orchard. The purpose of this study is using the material of human resource which increase following the increase of population, the amount of human waste is used as energy to develop the organic orchard. The benefit from this study based on the clean water after treatment and the compost for soil without chemical. The efficiency of this study will decrease the amount of human waste from household and reuse the product after treatment such as clean water, compost and biogas for electricity. 


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PARE Final report

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PARE Final report


Human population rapidly growing and human activity are caused of many problems such as sustainable natural resource, global warming, deforestation etc. In our group realize the important problem is come from the human activity especially city human so we propose city of technology to solve these problems.

First of all, we chose case study city which is Sumatra, Indonesia. We chose Sumatra because Sumatra is the large area which not developed. Sumatra is a beautiful island which has many resources we could develop. Furthermore, Java Island, Indonesia, has over population and has environmental degradation in urban area. This would be the great opportunity we can move people from the city go back to their home town. After we chose case study city, we thought about the concept of the smart city. Smart city would have a smart citizen, smart healthcare, smart energy, smart technology, smart building, smart mobility, smart education and smart infrastructure. Every technology in smart city not only a best technology but it have to be eco-friendly, Good for environment, energy much be clean, good and kind citizen and develop parallel develop with the environment. In education field, smart city will be focus in E-learning. Everyone in the world can reach every information, every knowledge and learn new technology in real-time. So, people in smart city would be smart and they can improve their thinking too. The communication would be 4G, the high speed internet which everyone can use so e-learning can be real-time and the technology in smart city would up to date. In agriculture field, area for the agriculture would use for precision farming for decision the best quality in each area. So, the product would be good quality and quantity. Moreover, animals waste would be used for bio-gas. Due to methane is cause for the global warming. Bio-gas can decrease the methane gas and it would help farmer to decrease cost and Deodorants waste smell. In energy field, all of the energies have to friendly with environment, good for human and global. Energy can be a wind power plant, bio-thermal energy or coil energy. The last is almost product would sell on the internet which is called E-commerce because we would like to cut middleman problem and also increase benefit both farmer and customer. But, as we know the smart city is built for a long time and it not just a concept. In our master plan we calculate for the economic cost of the smart city in Sumatra. It cost about 28.7 billion dollar. We also plan about the time schedule of the smart city because the city cannot just input in the land and finish. Citizen has to adjust with the changing and it does not have to fast changing. Another thing about the smart city is we think people in smart city should be learnt about save energy and eco-friendly so, we create games for kids. These games are easy learning and good teaching. Then, the smart city can be success with all of above plan.

                In our group, master plan title is created smart-city in Sumatra Island (case study). The smart-city would improve citizen skill, effective using resources and good for environment.



Author : Teeranoot Japunya, SIIT, TU, Thailand

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